Workgroup 1:

 Wastewater Treatment and Effluent Reuse 

1.  Scientific and technological background:

Wastewater characterization (quantity, quality, daily-seasonal distribution, etc.).

Potential environmental and health damage of various pollutants in wastewater.

Common technologies for the removal of various types of pollutants from wastewater:

-          Intensive biological methods.

-          Extensive biological methods

-          Physico-chemical methods

-          Control of wastewater treatment processes.

-          Maintenance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP)

 2.  Final destination of effluents and effluent reuse:

-          The interrelation between the final destination and required quality of effluent

-          The inter-relation between the type of destined irrigated crop and the required quality of effluent.

-          Techno-economic and regional planning aspects of effluent reuse

-          Effluent destination (technologies, economical aspects)

-          Effluent impact on soil in long term use for conventional or organic agriculture

 3.  Wastewater Treatment and Regional Planning Aspects

-          Organization levels of settlements (for separate or central treatment)

-          Central versus separate use of effluents

-          Education and community awareness aspects on the subject of wastewater treatment and effluent reuse

-          The contribution of effluents to the national/regional water balance

-          The Israeli experience in commercial association for effluent reuse

 4.  Professional Tours

-          WWTP with various technologies

-          Projects of effluent utilization

-          R&D laboratories (academic and applied)

-          Meetings with designers and equipment suppliers/manufacturers